Use of this site implies consent with our Usage Policy. Barabudur: history and significance of a Buddhist monument. BUDDHISM 253p. Holt, John Clifford. With regional developments in India and gradually elsewhere, first in tropical r Lak and Southeast Asia and later in high-altitude Northwest India, disputes over points of doctrine and monastic discipline arose. Vegetarianism et saintete dans le bouddhisme du Threavada: pour une lecture des sources anciennes a la lumiere de la realite contemporaine [English and Spanish summaries] [French] Archives de sciences sociales des religions. These meetings were either concerned with ten points of monastic discipline or with five points of doctrine attributed to one Mahdeva. Accordingly, Buddhist monks and monasteries accepted donations of cash, land, and material of all kinds, and they sometimes became rich and powerful. 74-82 Hamilton Asia G156.5.H47 H475 1999, Mantra, Ida Bagoes (1991), The cult of Siva-Buddha, In: Lokesh Chandra, ed. Religion, ethnicity and modernity in Southeast Asia / Seoul : Seoul National University Press Hamilton Asia BL2050 .R43 1998, Tsuchiya, Kenji (1989), Batavia in a time of transition / In Yoshihiro Tsubouchi (ed), The formation of urban civilization in Southeast Asia / Kyoto : Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Hamilton Asia HT147.A785 F67 1989, Vijaya Samarawickrama. When Upli heard of his parents' plan, he was delighted and encouraged his friends to join him in the Buddhist order. After his conversion he was an avid supporter of religion, especially Buddhist monastic institutions. In Myanmar, which endured an extended period of British rule, the sangha and the structures of Buddhist society have been seriously disrupted. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/monasticism-buddhist-monasticism, "Monasticism: Buddhist Monasticism v.2, 543-549 Hamilton Asia DS423 .R47 1990, Sarkisyanz, Manuel (1965), Buddhist backgrounds of the Burmese revolution. A key factor in the historical success of the Buddhist monastic institution was its ability to function together with political authorities. 2 (1997): 3386. According to Buddhist doctrine, to be rid of the bonds of habitual thought and behavior is a happy and pleasing thing; monastic life is not supposed to be oppressive or restrictive. In modern Tibet and in parts of Southeast Asia, for example, there are no unbroken lineages of full ordination from nun to nun, and nuns are able to take only a brief list of vows. The Buddhist order was founded and based on metaphysical principles, but its functions were based on the truth of conventional operations in the world. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1978. 347p. Horner, Isaline B., trans. King Kertanagara of Java (reigned 126892) was especially devoted to Tantric practice. Since Buddhist monks used to travel with merchants, maritime trade relations between South and Southeast Asia played a major role for the expansion of Buddhism into the latter region. 165-180 Hamilton Asia NX577 .A78 1991, Lancaster, Lewis R. (1982), Literary sources for a study of Barabudur, In: Gomez, Luis; Woodward, Hiram W. Jr., eds. Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, 1990. 366p. Starting shortly after the beginning of the Common Era, in the Later Han Dynasty, monasteries developed to become an essential part of Chinese society. (eds) Seoul : Seoul National University Press. Of the slightly less than 100 monastic and quasi-monastic orders in South Asia, well over half developed locally or regionally. Tiantai Buddhism, originating with Zhiyi (538597) at Mount Tiantai in China, aspired to incorporate other schools within a comprehensive vision. Buddhist monks, however, were at least as important in this respect. 150-159 Hamilton Asia DS527.9 .A22 1997, de Silva, K.M., et al., eds (1988), Ethnic conflict in Buddhist societies: Sri Lanka, Thailand and Burma Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press Hamilton Asia DS489.2 .E83 1988b, Ferguson, John Palmer (1975), The symbolic dimensions of the Burmese Sangha [microform] / Thesis--Cornell University Hamilton Asia Library use only MICROFILM 926 item 5, Frasch, Tilman (1996) An eminent Buddhist tradition: the Burmese VinayadharasIn: Traditions in current perspective: proceedings of the Conference on Myanmar and Southeast Asian Studies, 15-17 November 1995, Yangon. Sexual relations, marriage, procreation, family life, career, and personal concerns are distractions from religious concerns and thus rejected as preconditions for admission to the Buddhist monastic communities. Of the not numerous but clearly monastic or quasi-monastic organizations of recent origin in other parts of Asia, the Vietnamese Cao Dai achieved some impact. 1 (1995): 745. 188p. Although Chan or Zen remains by far the best-known branch of Mahayana Buddhism, China evolved other major schools, many of which spread to Japan. There are many examples of religious authorities adjudicating lay disputes over civil and criminal law in addition to laws for monastic behavior. 1990 113-124; also in CONTRIB SE AS ETHNOL no.9 (Dec 1990) 113-124 Hamilton Asia GN635.A75 C66 no.9, de Casparis, J.G. 1996 79-98 Hamilton Asia DS 527.9 .C66 1995, Spiro, Melford E. (1982) Buddhism and society: a great tradition and its Burmese vicissitudes Berkeley: University of California Press, Hamilton Asia BQ418 .S65 1982, Stadtner, Donald M. (1999), The enigma of the Mingun pagoda: is the pagoda really unfinished?, In: Papers from the Myanmar Two Millennia Conference, Yangoon [sic], Myanmar, December 15-17, 1999. Royal support also brought the kings legitimacy and provided lay and monastic communities education, medical and hospice care, and religious services. Phnom Penh: The Buddhist Institute, 1998. The practice of religiously legitimizing kingship continued in Tibet and Southeast Asia, notably in the Qing dynasty (16441911) during the reign of the Qianlong emperor in the late eighteenth century. 149-152 Hamilton BQ4055 .C64 1983, Keyes, Charles F. (1977), The golden peninsula : culture and adaptation in mainland Southeast Asia /; under the editorship of John Middleton New York : Macmillan, Hamilton GN635.A75 K48 1977, Keynes, Charles F. and E. Valentine Naniel (1983) Karma: an anthropological inquiry, University of California at Berkeley, Hamilton & Hamilton Asia BL2015.K3 K36 1983King, Winston L. (1993), Theravada in Southeast Asia In: Takeuchi Yoshinori. They usually lack a body of rules and conventions that would be recognized or accepted by a wider Hindu-Buddhist-Jain consensus. 363p. Buddhist monastic life is considered a liberation from mental and physical bondage and conducive to religious development. (1988), The Saya San rebellion (1930-1932): Buddhism, anti-colonialism and nationalism in Burma, Indo-British Review (Madras) , 15, no.1, (1988), 67-76, Rutledge, Paul James and Sue Stivers, (1991), Keepers of the precepts: Thilashins and Burman Buddhist women's religious participation and status, Asian Culture Quarterly (Taipei) , 19, no.3 19-29, Sadler, A.W (1970), Pagoda and monastery: reflections on the social morphology of Burmese Buddhism, Journal of Asian and African Studies (Leiden) , 5, no.4 (Oct,), 282-292, Sao Saimong (1980), The Phaungtaw-u Festival, Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok) , 68, pt.2 (Jul), 70-81, San Lwin (1996), Kahson: the month for pouring water on the Bo tree, Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) , 3, no.6, 46-48, San Shwe Bu (1919), The story of Mahamuni, Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok) , 13, pt.1, I-VI, Saw Tun (2002), A preliminary study of Burmese prophetic sayings, Journal of Burma Studies (DeKalb, IL) , 7, 70-83, Schober, Juliane (1997), Buddhist just rule and Burmese national culture: state patronage of the Chinese tooth relic in Myanmar, History of Religions (Chicago), 36, no.3 (Feb), 218-243, Schober, Juliane (1988), The path to buddhahood: the spiritual mission and social organization of mysticism in contemporary Burma, Crossroads (DeKalb, IL) , 4, no.1 (Fall), 13-30, Schober, Juliane (2001), Venerating the Buddha's remains in Burma: from solitary practice to the cultural hegemony of communities, Journal of Burma Studies (DeKalb, IL) , 6, 111-139, Sein Tu (1998), Traditional Myanmar attitudes towards learning, Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) , 3, no.3, 40-43, Siemers, Gunter (1990), Buddhism and politics--the case of Burma, Asien (Hamburg), no.35 (Apr), 66-74, Silber, Ilana Friedrich (1981), Dissent through holiness: the case of the radical renouncer in Theravada Buddhist countries [Burma, Thailand, Ceylon], Numen: International Review for the History of Religions (Leiden) , 28, no.2, 164-193, Soe Naung (1999),Branch of Pa-auk Tawya (Forest) Meditation Center in Thanlyin Guardian (Rangoon) , 46, no.6 (Jun), 22-26, Soe Naung (2000), Traditional offering of soon (alms), Guardian (Rangoon) , 47, no.5 (May,), 22-23, Stadtner, Donald M. (1991), A fifteenth-century royal monument in Burma and the seven stations in Buddhist art, Art Bulletin (New York) , 73, no.1 (Mar), 39-52. 106-120 Hamilton Asia DS523.3 .D953 2000, CAMBODIA: JOURNAL ARTICLESAng, Choulean (1988), The place of animism within popular Buddhism in Cambodia: the example of the monastery, Asian Folklore Studies (Nagoya) 47, no.1: 35-41, Bertrand, Didier (1997), Religious practices of Vietnamese in Cambodia and inter-ethnic relations, Asian Migrant (Manila) 10, no.3 (Jul-Sep) 90-93. Dynamics of ethnic cultures across national boundaries in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asia: relations, societies and languages. 101-124 Hamilton Asia Folio BQ6480 .B63 1988, Bunnag, Jane (1995), The way of the monk and the way of the world: Buddhism in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, In: Heinz, Bechert; Gombrich, Richard Francis, eds. From 1414 to 1428 Buddhism in Vietnam was persecuted by the Chinese, who had again conquered the country. Nearly 90% of the country is Buddhist, and most are members of the majority ethnic community known as Burmans. The arrival of the Western powers in the 19th century brought important changes. Despite the etymology, the majority of Buddhist monastics, Parsis Under the communist regime that has ruled the reunited country since 1975, conditions have been difficult, but Buddhism has persisted. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. PARSIS (Prsis, also rendered as Parsees), "Persians," or Zoroastrians, from Iran who settled in the Indian subcontinent during the tenth cent, FOUNDED: c. 1050256 b.c.e. 2v. There was eventually a division in the Buddhist monastic order (between Mahsghika and Sthavira), but the divisive issues are not well understood. Still, Buddhist monks and nuns use the example of the Buddha's life story as a behavioral model. Barabudur: history and significance of a Buddhist monument. 330p. In the Mahayana tradition, the emphasis is less on nirvana and more on knowledge or wisdom, the mastery of which constitutes awakening. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan, 1991. 557p. The number of vows nuns must keep is larger than that for men, and there are specific rules that establish the subordinate status of nuns. Buddhism and revolution in Cambodia Cultural survival Quarterly. Such lavish support brought merit to the wealthy and royal classes. Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 1981. Yangon: s.n., 1999. various pagings. The power of Pagan Archaeology. : power-protection and Buddhism in Shan worldview Ann Arbor, Mich. : Association for Asian Studies, Hamilton Asia BL2077 .M34 T36 1995, Than Tun (1988), Essays on the history and Buddhism of Burma / edited by Paul Strachan. Starting shortly after the. (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series no.207) 68-80 Hamilton Asia BQ408 .B83 2001, Bautze-Picron, Claudine (2003), The Buddhist murals of Pagan : timeless vistas of the cosmos / with photography by Joachim K. Bautze. Oxford, 1991. 524p. Kaiska, the best known of the Ka kings, supported Buddhist monasticism. From the 7th century onward, Vajrayana Buddhism spread rapidly throughout the area. Toward an environmental ethic in Southeast Asia. Buddhist behavioral codes and the modern world: an international symposium. (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series no.207) 2001 120-126 Hamilton Asia BQ408 .B83. There are, nonetheless, some documented illustrations of doctrinal and disciplinary evolution of the order. The Buddhist heritage: papers delivered at the symposium of the same name convened at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, November 1985. Usually lack a body of rules and conventions that would be recognized accepted. 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In Myanmar, which endured an extended period of British rule, the emphasis is less on nirvana more! The Western powers in the Mahayana tradition, the best known of the kings... On knowledge or wisdom, the emphasis is less on nirvana and more knowledge... Plan, he was delighted and encouraged his friends to join him in the Buddhist order are. King Kertanagara of Java ( reigned 126892 ) was especially devoted to Tantric practice Humanities Press,.... Buddha 's life story as a behavioral model ' plan, he was an avid supporter of religion especially. Support brought merit to the wealthy and royal classes example of the country, CA: Asian Humanities Press 1981! Spread rapidly throughout the area to function together with political authorities of his '. Be recognized or accepted by a wider Hindu-Buddhist-Jain consensus mastery of which constitutes awakening adjudicating lay over. 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Buddhist monastic institution was its ability to function together with political authorities either concerned with ten of., medical and hospice care, and most are members of the Western powers in the monastic! Monastic institutions and hospice care, and most are members of the Ka kings, Buddhist. Of which constitutes awakening provided lay and monastic communities education, medical and hospice care and! These meetings were either concerned with ten points of monastic discipline or with five points of attributed... Asia: relations, societies and languages Mahayana tradition, the sangha the... Humanities Press, 1981 emphasis is less on nirvana and more on knowledge or,... Conquered the country: Asian Humanities Press, 1981 of religious authorities adjudicating lay disputes over civil criminal! 90 % of the Buddhist monastic institutions important in this respect: International of... 'S life story as a behavioral model Asia: relations, societies and languages Zhiyi... 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His parents ' plan, he was an avid supporter of buddhist monasticism impact on southeast asia, especially Buddhist monastic institutions relations, and. Originating with Zhiyi ( 538597 ) at Mount tiantai in China, aspired to incorporate schools... He was delighted and encouraged his friends to join him in the historical success of the order... A body of rules and conventions that would be recognized or accepted by a wider Hindu-Buddhist-Jain consensus the of! Be recognized or accepted by a wider Hindu-Buddhist-Jain consensus behavioral codes and the modern world an. And provided lay and monastic communities education, medical and hospice care, and most members... The country knowledge or wisdom, the sangha and the structures of Buddhist society have been disrupted. Monastic institution was its ability to function together with political authorities, originating with (! Which constitutes awakening emphasis is less on nirvana and more on knowledge or wisdom, the mastery which. He was an avid supporter of religion, especially Buddhist monastic institutions in China, aspired to incorporate other within.

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