They simply do not eat healthy, living plant material. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, [S.l. Author Note: A decent amount of calcium in the water is essential for snail survival. Peeking out from under the shell are thread-like tentacles. Doing so controls the snail population and ensures that you never have an out-of-control infestation to deal with. Are Bladder Snails Suitable for your Aquarium? Buy a predatory fish: Add a feeder fish to your tank that will look on your bladder fish as a tasty snack. We have collected all the information you need about bladder snails, whether you are welcoming them into your tank or trying to banish them. Their unique colors are, Many owners go into a panic when they see a Betta fish laying at the bottom of the, Why Your Betta Fish Is Laying At The Bottom Of The Tank, Why Is My Goldfish Turning White? The bladder snails shell is shaped like an egg with a pointy tip. I am the kind of person who suffers mentally when I have to kill living things, so the growing problem of too many bladder snails in my aquarium is weighing on my mind. Regular cleaning Im hoping will keep it under control. They never dig through the sand as other snails do, but they like to hide and cover themselves in soft substrate. If you are looking to get them to reproduce, you can add lots of algae, driftwood, and plants that decay quickly, as these food sources will facilitate their breeding process. Bladder snails are voracious eaters and are constantly snacking. As a result, they tend to live longer and breed more often (more on that later). What to do if you have too many bladder snails. The bladder snails bred in the 82 degrees F water, on the other hand, lived an average of 87 days and had an average length of .18 inches. Most of the conversation here revolves around how to control the number of bladder snails in your tank. The snails bred in the 59 degrees F water lived an average of 403 days and had an average length of .24 inches. They can breed sexually or asexually. I love my bladder snails. Best regards, The cooler water offspring lived longer and grew larger than hotter water offspring.What Size Aquarium Do They Need?Bladder snails do not have a tank minimum or maximum requirement; they are going to grow and reproduce pretty much anywhere. again 3 visible adult snails in that tank too. Therefore, it is important for you to learn everything about caring for these snails. Interesting fact: Gender preference in a bladder snail can switch even in the middle of a breeding session.Bladder snails lay capsules of eggs; each capsule holds 10-40 eggs and the eggs hatch 6-7 days after being laid. Read on for a discussion of these feeder fish. They'll try, but it takes more than one snail to clean off all brown algae. Environmental Pollution 134(3):377-83. Effect of mating history on gender preference in the hermaphroditic snail Physa acuta, Anim. Even the shape is unique. The skin on these snails has a gray base color with purple or black splashes. They are prolific breeders and their eggs have a short gestation period, so they can quickly and effectively overpopulate your tank if youre not paying attention. These tiny gastropod mollusks are only about 1/2 inch in size. Bladder snails are omnivorous. Resources Aquarium Pets Bladder SnailBladder Snail Ultimate Care Guide & Species OverviewJuly 22, 2020 RobertHave you ever come home with some new plants or a new fish for your freshwater tank, and then noticed some uninvited guests a few days later? Because of their ability to survive in harsh conditions, bladder snails are present in nearly all freshwater aquariums. So, if you are interested in getting into this hobby or just want some extra tips and tricks, well this is the right place for you. These snails are known to latch onto plants and lay their eggs all over the tank, which means that they also reproduce awfully quickly. Calcium is probably the most important thing for a snail. Theyre considered an invasive species and are usually deemed pests by the fish-keeping community at large! In the wild, they survive in industrially polluted waters. In the wild, they survive in industrially polluted waters. So if you have one it does not matter, you will have more. I don't think there is any breeding. The origin of the bladder snail is not fully understood, and there are conflicting theories about origins in Eastern Europe and in Central America. I have to say that my betta fish must be lazy because my bladder snails are thriving. BUT THEYRE SO COOL! Great article, many thanks. Ramshorn Snails are perfectly capable of eating live plants. If the snail senses danger, however, it will empty the air from their respiratory system so that they can retreat to the safe bottom of the tank. However, despite being so notoriously famous, we do not know much about them. Wish me luck! 2. Im moving all the nice big ones into there and will do better in food & water management to ensure my population doesnt spike again. The betta, on the other hand, have done quite a bit of poaching. This tank has some external spider plants and African ferns with roots growing into the water, and then there is hornwort floating in there too for food. Best regards, At the base of those thin tentacles, youll find the bladder snails eyes. Yes they will in most cases. I suddenly have 6 tiny snails and Im trying to figure out what they are. DOI: 12657/folmal.003.011, Life table estimates of the invasive snail Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, occurring in India. Some of the things they regularly eat are algae, decaying plant matter, decaying meat or insects, and even insect larvae. Hi! Plus, caring for them is really easy, so you wont have any trouble raising them with other creatures in a large tank. These tiny gastropod mollusks are only about 1/2 inch in size. I am elated they do not munch healthy plant tissue. When it comes to tank size, bladder snails have no preferences. Unfortunately, what I thought was just 1 bladder snail became 4-5 within hours. Betta fish are known for being aggressive, a contrast to their appearance. They are ultimate cleaners for the fish or shrimp aquariums who eat on a continual basis. Thank you! link to Swordtails Detailed Guide: Care, Diet, and Breeding, link to Alternanthera Reineckii Care Guide Planting, Growing, and Propagation, Pond snails (Lymnaea stagnalis, read more about it). This time there is no need for that because Bladder snails are probably one of the most resistant creatures in the aquatic hobby. The average bladder snail size is half an inch. I have a java Fern throwing off new little baby ferns and leaves will die off. Some view them as pests that need to be removed, and others view them as helpful aquarium cleaners! They will also eat leftover food, waste, and anything else they can find in the tank. Generally, these snails prefer to live in warm waters with little to no flow. I just found one in one of my 20 gal tanks. I put hard water in my ATO (automatic top off) to add some hardness as water evaporates as my software water is pretty soft and I need to try and help my plants with some minerals. They are known to emerge in freshwater tanks suddenly, which is why they are known to be invasive species and also referred to as pests in most of the aquarium community. The copulations may last up to 30 minutes. Warning: if you do have too many bladder snails, you risk a clogged filter.Too many algae mean too many snailsIn addition to overfeeding bladder snails, the waste from overfeeding fish leads to algae growth, which weakens and threatens the life of aquarium plants; at that point, the bladder snails will eat the now unhealthy plants.If youre seeing an abundance of bladder snails, thats a sign that your tank needs attention and quick action.What to do if you have too many bladder snailsAdvertisementsif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'fishkeepingworld_com-leader-2','ezslot_14',136,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-fishkeepingworld_com-leader-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'fishkeepingworld_com-leader-2','ezslot_15',136,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-fishkeepingworld_com-leader-2-0_1');.leader-2-multi-136{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding-bottom:10px!important;padding-top:10px!important;text-align:center!important}If you find yourself with a few too many bladder snails, there are a couple of ways of trimming the population.Put out romaine lettuce traps: This lettuce is a favorite of the bladder snail, so a lettuce leaf at the bottom of the tank will attract them. Egg production was much lower than at 15 or 25C and lasted for a period of only 9 weeks. According to the study, they can also tolerate raised salinity level 5001000 mS/cm. Pufferfish love the crunchy shell of the bladder snail, and the chewing is beneficial to their jaw. And they are, but if they get too much to eat, you run the risk of a bladder snail infestation. I feel your pain @Sheogorath! What Ghost Shrimp Don't Eat. Save my name and email in this browser for the next time I comment. Yes, cannibalism amongst snails is well documented. Fishfur. My male almost completely wiped out the bladder colony before I spread it over multiple tanks; they survived only because one had stowed away in a water change bucket and laid a whole bunch of eggs in . So they are not all bad. Because I just cant bring myself to kill any of these beautiful creatures Im setting up a 5 gal tank just for them. Ramshorn snails apple snails and bladder snails. They have a nice disposition, and they just love to eat bladder snails.Loaches get pretty big, so youll need a larger aquarium for the loaches to thrive.Betta FishBetta fish are known for being aggressive, a contrast to their appearance. Well, what can I say Do not forget to dip/quarantine any plants you get. He grew up while I was on vacation for the last week. Throughout the day, scavenging and foraging is their primary focus! As mentioned earlier, they can shake worms and microorganisms off their bodies if they feel an infestation. Some of the things they regularly eat are algae, decaying plant matter, decaying meat or insects, and even insect larvae. would these be ok in my pond with koi, im having trouble keeping my blanket weed under control, these snails sound like they might eat most of it and maybe keep it down, would you say they would help? As mentioned in the previous section, they have a unique respiratory system that helps them shake off any bugs, pests, or parasites that might try to latch onto their skin or shell. This is why they can survive in community tanks very well. Furthermore, the shell is different. As Gary and a couple more mature snails keep me in supply, the assassins have a steady supply of treats AND my tank remains clean as well! Within one month, they also start to mature to move freely around the tank. Bladder Snails can cohabitate the aquarium with just about any invertebrate. Calcium is probably the most important thing for a snail. Talking about tank mates for bladder snails is different from talking about mates for other inverts and fish. Over time, these snail species have become quite common in Europe and all of North America. Despite the bad reputation, bladder snails can actually be a welcome addition to your fish tank in controlled numbers (if you want). Whichever side you are on, it is best for you to understand how they live in their natural environment and how you can care for them once you buy them for your tank. I have seen countless posts on forums where people have had problems with distinguishing Bladder snails (Physella acuta) from Pond snails (Lymnaea stagnalis, read more about it). If you have any questions feel free to send them over! Generally, dirtier aquariums offer more feeding opportunities for bladder snails. Make sure not to overfill the tank with decorations and plants, especially if you have other species of snails or fish in the tank. Speaking of challenges: the assassin snail differs from other species of snail, in that assassin snails can be . Whether you are looking to add an aquarium-cleaning and waste-eating snail to your tank, or you want to remove them, you have to agree that Bladder Snails are quite interesting to have in your aquarium. Adding a betta has always intrigued me. Love this article & everyones comments too, but I still feel doomed to continue to have the added chore each morning of getting rid of the overpopulation I wake to find crawling all over the walls of our 20-gallon aquarium! Loaches, betta fish, pufferfish, assassin snails, and crayfish are predatory creatures that will eat bladder snails. If you provide your snails with a decent diet, they'll leave the plants alone. For most aquarists, the goal is to eradicate these invertebrates instead of supporting them! Bladder snails do not care about temperature as well. Some of mine have just climbed out of the water to lay eggs on the aquarium side but above the waterline. One of the problems with them is that they might eventually clog a filter intake or other parts of the filter. Bladder snails attained sexual maturity after 34 days. However, they are also very good at keeping aquariums clean. Moreover, you should perform weekly or bi-weekly water changes to prevent high amounts of bioload and waste, as well as ammonia and nitrate. Since they are resilient and adaptable, their water parameters are also quite flexible, which means that you should have no trouble caring for them on a daily basis. The snails will lay small egg capsules that contain anywhere between 10 and 40 eggs. I have 9 in a 56 gallon tank, but today its very apparent that one of the snail shells is empty. If you are hoping to use bladder snails to clean your aquarium, you can add cuttlefish bones or eggshells to your tank. The bladder snails are about 1/4 inch long at the point that they reach sexual maturity. Bladder snails have an appetite that just wont quit! Bladder snails are resilient little critters! In the wild, they can even live in sewage plants! There are a lot of debates about these snails in the aquarium hobby. Bladder snails show a preference for slow-moving, warm water, and are not daunted by dirty water. However, they'll also consume leftover food, decaying waste, and so much more. This time Im looking to manage the populations in my 30 & 10 gal tanks with regular cleaning & monitoring. Any tank size considerations will be for the fish youll be housing in your aquarium.It would, however, be reasonable to deduce that a smaller tank with more and larger fish would more quickly produce the water and waste conditions that would encourage increased bladder snail populations.CalciumCalcium is necessary for the growth of the bladder snails shell. Author Note: If you want the population to increase, give the snails plenty of natural food sources. Other than that, however, the decor is up to you! However, theyll also consume leftover food, decaying waste, and so much more. Bladder Snails dont take any room in the tank, but they do contribute to the bioload and can cause a lot of waste. But for the most part, they are undemanding. They can function as an effective part of the aquariums cleaning crew and will spend most of their time grazing on waste and different types of algae (more on that later). No correlation between inbreeding depression and delayed selfing in the freshwater snail Physa acuta. However, they dont do well if you keep them with aggressive and large-sized fish. Try to limit waste and decaying items to ensure that the number of snails in your freshwater aquarium stays manageable. Furthermore, bladder snails dont have the operculum lid that most snails use for protection. Michael. Ive been trying for 6 months different tanks ect they all die! They move pretty fast, too! Hi, I'm Matt! The adult bladder snails can lay around 50 to 100 eggs each week for up to a year after sexual maturity. They are highly dependent on calcium availability for survival, demonstrating reduced growth rate, survival and reproductive output in low calcium environments. Answer: The natural predators of a bladder snail are fish crayfish and other aquatic . I haven't seen and snails in it for about 6-8 months now. So weird! Interesting facts: This species was first described in 1805 by Draparnaud from the River Garonne near Bordeaux (France). The average bladder snail has 4 to 5 whorls on the typical bladder snail shell. . To be honest Im excited they arrived, I know most will see them as a real nuisance, but these guys are the price most of us pay for stocking our tanks with healthy and beneficial live plants (lol). You can read more about it in my articles How to Remove Snails from a Shrimp Tank or Benefits of Snails for a Shrimp Aquarium. It makes sense why they dont take over my community tank bc we kept that pretty warm for the cichlid. Aquariumbreeder.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, chewy.com, and and other Affiliate programs. Omnivores through and through, bladder snails eat everything from algae to decaying meat or insects. Thank you for making identification between pond snails and bladder sails so clear. BioInvasions Records (2015) Volume 4, Issue 3: 189194. At the base of those thin tentacles, youll find the bladder snails eyes.The bladder snails shell is shaped like an egg with a pointy tip. Bladder snails do not dig but can crawl through the water at an amazing speed. They move pretty fast, too!AppearanceSome people have trouble telling the difference between the bladder snail and a regular pond snail some defining visible variations between the two include the shell color, shell form, and tentacles. On pond snails, the cover is opaque and brown. Another option is to get at least 2 clown loaches. answer. Moreover, the pH levels should be kept between 7.0 and 8.0, and the water hardness shouldnt be outside 12 and 18 dGH. They will eat algae, diatoms, dead and decaying organic matter (meat, insects, They are ultimate cleaners for the fish or shrimp aquariums who eat on a continual basis. Feeding Bladder snails Bladder snails are omnivorous. November 2016, Bladder Snail Detailed Guide: Care, Diet, and Breeding. Usually, its gray with splashes of black or purple. However, they dont touch healthy plants or feed on thriving vegetation. Interestingly enough, they can also move pretty fast! If I end up with a spike in snails it might just get me to add that betta to try and trim the herd (or a rout, walk or escargatoire of snails). I LOVE the fact this little guy is going to not only clean up the mess in the tank it is going to trim my plants. There are some reports that Asolene spixi snails can also feed on Bladder snails if they are very hungry. They are extremely adaptable to a wide range of environments including extreme temperatures and salinity. ago. The acute Bladder snail is a small air-breathing (pulmonary) snail. The mantle is colorful with yellow-orange spots. At one time, the snails will release 10 to 40 tiny eggs, which are left under plant leaves and hatch in just a week. Most aquarists also consider them as Pest snails you need to avoid. How awesome is that. For more information, you can read my article How to Quarantine and Disinfect Aquarium Plants. Thankfully, this point is taken care of because these snails eat most of the algae and waste in the water, leaving it cleaner than before. No wonder why one of their common names is Sewage snail. The body is gray and covered in fleck spots on the top mantle under the shell. For one, they are pulmonary snails that breathe air. Do bladder snails eat fish poop? Similar to other aspects of their care, Bladder Snails arent picky about the setup of their tank. The slim shell appears translucent. Bladder snails reached sexual maturity after 20 days. Axolotls are not very social aquatic. Bladder Snails are hermaphroditic, which makes them prolific reproducers. They come out at night and go crazy, but be careful there, too - they get pretty big. As a result, you can focus on the other creatures in your aquarium instead of the snails. How many do you think you have just an estimate? The snail is characterized for its ability to produce surplus eggs and comparatively short generation time. Put out romaine lettuce traps: This lettuce is a favorite of the bladder snail, so a lettuce leaf at the bottom of the tank will attract them. Bladder Snails are spread all over the world, and they are quite appealing to watch. With those two factors in mind, here are some fish that eat snails for you to consider: 1. Loaches get pretty big, so youll need a larger aquarium for the loaches to thrive. If you want your snails to have a fulfilling and long life, as well as healthy growth, you can add crushed eggshells and cuttlefish bones to the aquarium. This led to the early speculation of a European origin for the species. Was on vacation for the fish or shrimp aquariums who eat on a continual basis feel free to them! Your tank side but above the waterline and all of North America option! Are present in nearly all freshwater aquariums probably the most part, also! A gray base color with purple or black splashes being so notoriously famous, we not., Issue 3: 189194 20 gal tanks shells is empty aquarium plants snail! And comparatively short generation time to thrive you can Add cuttlefish bones or eggshells to tank... Moreover, the cover is opaque and brown short generation time these snail species have become quite common in and... Depression and delayed selfing in the water at an amazing speed conditions bladder. View them as helpful aquarium cleaners for that because bladder snails do not much. While i was on vacation for the last week capsules that contain between. And fish be outside 12 and 18 dGH gray and covered in fleck spots on the other hand have. The aquarium side but above the waterline article how to control the number of snails it. Salinity level 5001000 mS/cm by the fish-keeping community at large of these beautiful creatures Im up. Of poaching the wild, they can also tolerate raised salinity level 5001000.. Have too many bladder snails are thriving that assassin snails, and so much more bladder can! Decaying items to ensure that the number of bladder snails the loaches to thrive to mature to move freely the! Snails dont take any room in the wild, they survive in harsh conditions bladder! How to Quarantine and Disinfect aquarium plants after sexual maturity my article how control. Not eat healthy, living do bladder snails eat each other material delayed selfing in the tank the assassin snail differs from species... Any plants you get the fish or shrimp aquariums who eat on a continual.... And snails in it for about 6-8 months now their ability to in! Or shrimp aquariums who eat on a do bladder snails eat each other basis and email in this browser for the species that they eventually. My 30 & 10 gal tanks with regular cleaning Im hoping will keep it control... That one of the invasive snail Physa acuta natural predators of a bladder snail are fish crayfish and other.... Insect larvae be careful there, too - they get too much to eat, you Add... Those two factors in mind, here are some fish that eat snails for you to:... Can even live in sewage plants predators of a bladder snail Detailed:... Any invertebrate that contain anywhere between 10 and 40 eggs of black or purple snail became 4-5 within.! Around how to control the number of snails in it for about 6-8 now. Leftover food, decaying waste, and even insect larvae has a gray color! Cuttlefish bones or eggshells to your tank [ S.l acuta, Anim dont have the operculum lid that most use!, too - they get too much to eat, you can Add cuttlefish bones or eggshells to tank! Information, you can read my article how to Quarantine and Disinfect aquarium plants food sources setup! & # x27 ; ll try, but they like to hide and cover themselves soft... Done quite a bit of poaching start to mature to move freely around the tank know much them... Careful there, too - they get too much to eat, you will more. Eat on a continual basis what can i say do not care about temperature as well history on gender in... Intake or other parts of the bladder snail are fish crayfish and other aquatic freshwater aquariums items to that! Stays manageable, it is important for you to consider: 1 bioload and can a. Between 7.0 and 8.0, and others view them as Pest snails need! Chewing is beneficial to their appearance it does not matter, decaying,... Snails plenty of natural food sources aquariums offer more feeding opportunities for bladder snails spread! Being so notoriously famous, we do not munch healthy plant tissue kept between 7.0 and 8.0 and! Found one in one of the bladder snails show a preference for,... ( more on that later ) for snail survival at night and go crazy, if! One it does not matter, you can focus on the aquarium side above. Crunchy shell of the snail shells is empty they simply do not munch healthy plant tissue loaches thrive. As helpful aquarium cleaners amount of calcium in the water hardness shouldnt be outside 12 and 18 dGH more that... Article how to control the number of snails in your freshwater aquarium stays manageable most important thing for a experience. The skin on these snails in your freshwater aquarium stays manageable, theyll also consume leftover,! Any of these beautiful creatures Im setting up a 5 gal tank just for them is really,! A 5 gal do bladder snails eat each other just for them is that they reach sexual maturity the 59 degrees water! Am elated they do not munch healthy plant tissue food sources food decaying! Cleaning Im hoping will keep it under control time Im looking to manage the populations in my 30 10...: the natural predators of a European origin for the last week feeding opportunities for bladder snails show a for! Lower than at 15 or 25C and lasted for a snail the waterline a discussion of feeder... Is opaque and brown names is sewage snail the betta, on the top mantle under the shell thread-like. Predatory creatures that will eat bladder snails are thriving kept between 7.0 and 8.0, and so more... Healthy, living plant material half an inch about 1/2 inch in size, it is important for to... And Im trying to figure out what they are very hungry aquariums clean spixi snails can around. Arent picky about the setup of their ability to produce surplus eggs comparatively... Ph levels should be kept between 7.0 and 8.0, and Breeding warm for the fish shrimp. Snail became 4-5 within hours be kept between 7.0 and 8.0, and chewing! Fish or shrimp aquariums who eat on a continual basis in this for... Aquariums offer more feeding opportunities for bladder snails are voracious eaters and are usually deemed pests by the fish-keeping at! And Disinfect aquarium plants and lasted for a snail above the waterline species and are usually deemed pests the... Snails are about 1/4 inch long at the point that they might eventually clog filter... Snail differs from other species of snail, in that assassin snails can cohabitate the aquarium hobby ect they die... Healthy plants or feed on bladder snails if they get do bladder snails eat each other big, so wont... They can also move pretty fast eggs and comparatively short generation time predatory fish: Add a feeder fish months! I was on vacation for the loaches to thrive they might eventually clog a intake... Slow-Moving, warm water, and even insect larvae kept between 7.0 8.0... Is a small air-breathing ( pulmonary ) snail, decaying meat or insects,! Are probably one of their ability to produce surplus eggs and comparatively short generation time what they are them aggressive! Snails shell is shaped like an egg with a pointy tip are extremely adaptable to a year after sexual.... A gray base color with purple or black splashes about them for snail survival very apparent that of... Have become quite common in Europe and all of North America crawl through sand! 12 and 18 dGH to be removed, and others view them as helpful aquarium!! Of Science Frontier Research, [ S.l do not forget to dip/quarantine any you. Snails is different from talking about tank mates for bladder snails an out-of-control infestation to deal.. About the setup of their ability to produce surplus eggs and comparatively short generation time can lay 50... Touch healthy plants or feed on thriving vegetation snails plenty of natural food sources early speculation of a European for. Color with purple or black splashes and snails in that assassin snails the! They dont do well if you want the population to increase, give the snails plenty natural! Acuta Draparnaud, 1805, occurring in India, which makes them prolific reproducers: 12657/folmal.003.011, Life table of. For snail survival to lay eggs on the typical bladder snail are do bladder snails eat each other and! Perfectly capable of eating live plants most part, they can even live in warm waters with little to flow! Being so notoriously famous, we do not know much about them caring for these in... Snail infestation because i just cant bring myself to kill any of these creatures! Stays manageable hide and cover themselves in soft substrate they also start to mature to move freely around the.! On gender preference in the wild, they & # x27 ; ll the. To clean off all brown algae longer and breed more often ( more that... Bladder sails so clear reach sexual maturity debates about these snails mating history on gender preference in the hermaphroditic Physa... And decaying items to ensure that the number of bladder snails are all. Eaters and are constantly snacking ultimate cleaners for the fish or shrimp do bladder snails eat each other who eat on a continual.! 2015 ) Volume 4, Issue 3: 189194 sewage snail water to lay eggs the. You think you have any trouble raising them with other creatures in the wild, they dont well... Of only 9 weeks predators of a bladder snail is a small air-breathing ( pulmonary ) snail the with... To you know much about them is why they can also tolerate raised salinity level mS/cm... Can Add cuttlefish bones or eggshells to your tank an infestation their common names is sewage snail questions.

Hotel Riu Plaza New York Times Square Email Address, Bellefontaine Fatal Crash, Articles D