everything that the other 2 planned, the first two rioters kill the one who went to town, then they drink the wine to celebrate and die from the poison, the rioters swear to protect each other but instead the kill each other The novel is narrated from young Scout's perspective. As a sampling of the rich critical literature see: For a bibliography of critical and scholarly works on the Pardoner's Prologue and Tale, Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, "Chaucer's Pardoner, The Scriptural Eunuch, and the Pardoner's Tale,", The Pardoner's Homosexuality and How It Matters, Chaucer's Pardoner: His Sexuality and Modern Critics, The Sexual Normality of Chaucer's Pardoner, An Augustinian Interpretation of Chaucer's Pardoner, Chaucerian Confession: Penitential Literature and the Pardoner, "Chaucer's Pardoner: The Death of a Salesman,". The cynical Pardoner explains in a witty prologue that he sells They draw lots, and the youngest of the three loses and runs off toward town. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Interpretations of this scene have varied widely; one of the the first, and still one of the most influential, treatments of it is George Lyman Kittredge's famous article on what he called the "one lost soul" on the pilgrimage: George Lyman Kittredge, Kittredge says nothing about the Pardoner's possible sexual orientation, a subject that has much exercised more recent critics. Renews March 8, 2023 The Physician's Tale is a harrowing tale about a judge who plots with a "churl [low fellow]" to abduct a beautiful young woman; rather than allow her to be raped, her father beheads her. He tells the company about his occupationa combination of itinerant preaching and selling promises of salvation. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! WebHow Does Dickens Use Dramatic Irony In A Tale Of Two Cities. The model for the Pardoner's confession is thought to be the long monologue of "Fals Semblant," in the Roman de la rose (even though his preferred disguise is that of a friar rather than a pardoner). Sometimes it can end up there. He would rather take the last penny from a widow and her starving family than give up his money, and the good cheeses, breads, and wines that such income brings him. The three young scoundrels may be stupidly drunk much of the time, but they are not stupid even in the midst of their greed. This was an iconographic image of death throughout the middle ages and later. WebAn Archive of Our Own, a project of the Organization for Transformative Works The Pardoner even tries to excuse his behavior by favorably comparing himself to other hypocritical preachers who seek power or inflame hate. WebTo make predictions about The Pardoners Tale, use the following strategies: Note foreshadowing,or hints about future plot events. WebHis profession is somewhat dubiouspardoners offered indulgences, or previously written pardons for particular sins, to people who repented of the sin they had committed. However, the Pardoner might also be seen as a reinforcement of the Apostolic Authority of the priesthood, which, according to the Catholic Church, functions fully even when the one possessing that authority is in a state of mortal sin, which in this case is supported by how the corrupt Pardoner is able to tell a morally intact tale and turn others from his same sin. - begs death to free him from his body which is slowly wasting away. WebThe Pardoner. (one code per order). [7] Against anyone that offends either him or other pardoners, he will "stynge hym with my tonge smerte". St. Helen the mother of Constantine the Great, believed to have found the True Cross. The prologuetaking the form of a literary confessionwas most probably modelled on that of "Faus Semblaunt" in the medieval French poem Roman de la Rose. Nevertheless, critics remain fascinated with the figure of the Pardoner. Want 100 or more? You can view our. In the order of the Tales, it comes after The Physician's Tale and before The Shipman's Tale; it is prompted by the Host's desire to hear something positive after the physician's depressing tale. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Even though this is poetry, the narration fits all the qualifications of a perfect short story: brevity, a theme aptly illustrated, brief characterizations, the inclusion of the symbolic old man, rapid narration, and a quick twist of an ending. Such an overtly hypocritical act is perfectly consistent with the character that the Pardoner has presented to us, and an example of Chaucers typically wry comedy. WebLeading up to a kind of foreshadowing of the most corruption in the Catholic Church. To reaffirm his claim, Gross points out the ridicule and "laughter" on behalf of the other pilgrims. In conclusion, The Pardoners Tale is full of little Easter eggs which makes you formulate your own theories along the way. Only a few lines before, in his Prologue, he exposed to the entire company the fraudulence of his whole operation. The Knight must intervene to make peace, and the pilgrimage continues. he wants money to absolve them of their sins. Chaucer's influence on fifteenth-century Scottish literature, A Commentary on the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales, The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Pardoner%27s_Tale&oldid=1141699920, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 10:17. This is an example of: A. dramatic irony B. situational irony C. verbal irony D. poetic irony I said B. . The Pardoner's Introduction, Prologue, and Tale, The Nun's Priest's Prologue, Tale, and Epilogue, Geoffrey Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales Background. The Pardoner explains that he then offers many anecdotes to the "lewed [ignorant, unlearned] people". A vernycle hadde he sowed upon his cappe. The Pardoner's Tale is a kind of sermon in itself. Perhaps Chaucer is looking upon the Pardoner with a "compassionate eye", as the Host offers a kiss at the end of the tale. While the Pardoner does have ulterior motives, his tale demonstrates knowledge of the Bible, and he does spread the word against sin. Why are the characters in The Canterbury Tales going on a pilgrimage to Canterbury? Readers most likely note such a weak rationalization, indicating that perhaps this detail operates as a sort of warning or lesson. To let his audience know that these three young men are doomed to death before they have the slightest idea Chaucer uses foreshadowing. Furthermore, his technique of relying upon basic psychology by selling only to the good people brings him more money. Some important themes include the loss of innocence, racism and discrimination, courage, and morality. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% No berd hadde he, ne nevere sholde have; As if on automatic pilot, the Pardoner completes his tale just as he would when preaching in the villages, by displaying his false relics and asking for contributions. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Wed love to have you back! "[15] As Stockton states, the character has largely been overanalysed, especially amidst mid-century advances in psychoanalysis in the 1960s and 1970s. WebPalamon finds a grove to hide in during the day so that at night he can return to Thebes and amass an army to wage war against Theseus and win Emelyes hand. In the conclusion of the Pardoners Tale, the three rogues all murder each other, and no one gets the money. WebEon praline - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. The Pardoner condemns each of these "tavern sins" in turngluttony, drinking, gambling, and swearingwith support from the Christian scriptures, before proceeding with the tale. I trowe he were a geldyng or a mare. You'll also receive an email with the link. - begs death to free him from his body which is slowly wasting away - sells relics and pardons for sins He poisons the wine. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Either way, the message seems clear: Dont put your faith and trust in an object or one who claims an object can deliver you from sin. Gluttony, the in that had Adam and Eve The Pardoner's Tale characters include three "rioters" or drunken young men who team up to kill "Death." The closest analogues to Chaucer's tale are in two Italian novelle:Summaries of two novelleThe old man in Chaucer's version is a far more mysterious figure than in any of the other versions of the tale. The Pardoner's Tale (Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode), "The Pardoner, his Prologue, and his Tale", The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale (Chaucer), "The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale", middle-english hypertext with glossary and side-by-side middle english and modern english. Benson and R.F. Thus, all three indeed find Death. Then the pardoner offers to sell his wares to the Host, who rudely rebuffs him. Their willingness to abandon their noble (if not foolish) quest demonstrates the weakness of It is inconceivable that he would now expect to get contributions from his fellow travelersso why does he ask for them? A "geldyng" is a eunuch, and a "mare" is a cant name for a homosexual. A. explicit B. discreet C. pious D. vigilant, Write the letter for the word that best completes given sentence. More books than SparkNotes. The plot concerns three wicked young men who want to avenge the death of their friend by killing Death himself. But in making his confessions to the pilgrims about his hypocrisy, he seems to be saying that he wishes he could be more sincere in his ways, except that he is too fond of money, good food and wine, and power. He tells them to follow the crooked path; they will find death under a tree. Hearing him speak of Death, the revelers ask where they can find Death, and the old man directs them to a tree at the end of the lane. When the youngest reveler approaches the tree, the two others stab him and then sit down to drink the wine before they dispose of his body. money is the root of all evil, however chaucer also wants us to realize that supposedly holy members of the church can be evil and corrupt like the pardoner, one of chaucer's most ambiguous and mysterious characters The dramatic irony here is plain to see. And Chaucer -- who says only "I trowe" he is a gelding or mare -- leaves the solution of this problem up to his readers. [4] However, rather than an apology for his vices, the Pardoner boasts of his duping of his victims, for whom he has nothing but contempt. WebThe Pardoner's Tale, from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales eleusinianm Some mysterious motifs Explore the motifs Snakes and dragons Finchley Road Swiss Cottage St John's Wood Baker Street Bond Street Green Park Westminster Waterloo Southwark London Bridge Bermondsey Canada Water Goddesses Finsbury Park Highbury and $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% From the Pardoner's perspective, the Physician told a cheaply pious story and the Host, a sanctimonious fool, reacts to the tale with what seems high praise. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. We are told in the. WebThe Pardoners Tale As you read the Pardoners Tale, fill out this worksheet on the words and actions of the Pardoner then make an inference about the kind of person he is. Within minutes, they lie dead next to their friend. Please wait while we process your payment. In Flanders, at the height of a black plague, three young men sit in an inn, eating and drinking far beyond their power and swearing oaths that are worthy of damnation. Read more about antagonists in The Canterbury Tales. WebThe Pardoners Tale As you read the Pardoners Tale, fill out this worksheet on the words and actions of the Pardoner then make an inference about the kind of person he is. Think about the words, actions, and personalities of the three rioters to Finally, he denounces swearing. The Pardoners Tale. Webthe pardoner finds that the best way to get people to pay him large sums of money for his pardons and relics is to preach against the sin of avarice, or greed (k) allegory a narrative He preaches against sin but indulges in all forms of sin at the same time. This is indeed an age of psychology. And even if he is not a moral man, he can tell a good moral tale, which follows. they represent concepts and show morals, chaucer pokes fun at the church through his character Continue to start your free trial. What language is The Canterbury Tales written in? The tale is set in Flanders at an indeterminate time, and opens with three young men drinking, gambling and blaspheming in a tavern. As soon as he is gone, the sly plotter turns to his friend and divulges his plan: when their friend returns from town, they will kill him and therefore receive greater shares of the wealth. The Pardoner's Introduction, Prologue, and Tale. The suggestion that outward appearances are reliable indicators of internal character was not considered radical or improper among contemporary audiences. By incorporating this into the prologue, it gave us a clue as to what their fate would be once they found the coins. Summary and Analysis The Pardoners point is quite obvioushis tale shows the disastrous effects of greed. But they account for little of the tale's power; almost all involve the discovery of a treasure and then the three thieves who send one of their number into town for food; he poisons the food; the other two murder him and then eat the poisoned food and die. According to his custom, he tells the pilgrims the value of his relics and asks for contributionseven though he has just told them the relics are fake. Dickens uses dramatic irony, allusion, and imagery to foreshadow a plan to kill someone in the book. He will take a sheeps bone and claim it has miraculous healing powers for all kinds of ailments. The Pardoner's Tale is a kind of sermon in itself. WebAt the beginning of the tale, the pardoner gives the sermon describing the kind of sins the people hes going to tell the tale of indulges in. Later this is seen through the Pardoners prologue, him boasting to the rest of the pilgrimage of his own depravity and ingenuity for which he abuses his office to extract money from the poor and ignorant. The Pardoner's confession is similar to that of the Wife of Bath in that there is a revelation of details buried within the prologue. Others, accepting the assumption the Pardoner is a eunuch, see him as a spiritual symbol, the opposite of the "eunuch of God": Robert P. Miller, "Chaucer's Pardoner, The Scriptural Eunuch, and the Pardoner's Tale,"Speculum 30 (1955), 180-89.More recently, critics have argued for the position that the Pardoner is a homosexual; see especially: Monica McAlpine, The Pardoner's Homosexuality and How It Matters, PMLA 95 (1980), pp. Next is gambling, the temptation that ruins men of power and wealth. SparkNotes PLUS Out of greed, they murder one another. However, instead of finding Death in person, they discover a WebThe portrayal of the Pardoner in the Canterbury Tales gives Chaucer a chance to satirize religious men in their deceitful, lying ways. However, he rejects the Physician's moral to the tale and substitutes one of his own: Thus the gifts of fortune and nature are not always good ("The gifts of Fortune and Nature have been the cause of the death of many a person"). General Prologue: The Knight through the Man of Law, General Prologue: The Franklin through the Pardoner, The Pardoners Introduction, Prologue, and Tale, The Nuns Priests Prologue, Tale, and Epilogue. [13][11] The Dove's tale from Night 152 of the 1001 Nights about the wealthy merchant from Sindah and the two swindlers who poison one another is also very similar to this story. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Please wait while we process your payment. SparkNotes PLUS creating and saving your own notes as you read. 72, 1893, pp. Contact us This announcement was made after the Pardoner specifically called out the Host for his sinful tavern, where, of course, the Pardoner himself got drunk before the trip began. Chaucer describes The Pardoner as an excellent speaker in his portrait of the character in the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales, which inherently reflects the quality of the narrative attributed to him. [8]; from long experience he can tell who are the worst sinners (because of their guilty expressions) and thus who are most eager buyers of his fake relics. Purchasing If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Indeed, the vivid depiction of the Pardoner's hair, those locks "yellow as wax But smoothe as a strike (hank) of flex (flax)", does little to improve the reader's opinion of his moral character. He hadde a croys of latoun ful of stones, And in a glas he hadde pigges bones. He is certainly an intellectual figure; his references and knowledge demonstrated in the tale and his use of psychology in getting only the good people to come forward attest to his intellect. In "The Pardoner's Prologue" and "The Pardoner's Tale" by Geoffrey Chaucer, he spins a story about a covetous pardoner who can make people to buy forgiveness by sending them down a rabbit hole, and cause them to chase after these makeshift stories. WebA Literature Kit for the novel Black Beauty written by Anna Sewell.Take a Peek Inside:Get a sense of the remarkable injustices experienced by both horses and the people of the day. The Pardoner's Prologue is, like those of the Wife of Bath and Canon's Yeoman, an "apologia" or "literary confession," in which a character explains his or her way of life. WebThe Pardoner's Tale. The Pardoners tale is presented as a straightforward fable with an obvious moral. Wed love to have you back! Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The assumptions one makes about this can color the reading of the Pardoner's account of himself, his tale, and the dnouement -- the Pardoner's attempt to sell his fake pardons to Harry Bailey and Harry's crude rejoinder, which reduces the Pardoner to speechlessness.Interpretations of this scene have varied widely; one of the the first, and still one of the most influential, treatments of it is George Lyman Kittredge's famous article on what he called the "one lost soul" on the pilgrimage: George Lyman Kittredge,Chaucer's Pardoner, The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. Chaucer uses literary and satirical devices in the prologue and tale to foreshadow these events. He persuades people to purchase certificates of forgiveness by preaching his moral stories. 20% Discount, Discount Code The more genteel members of the company, fearing that the Pardoner will tell a vulgar story, ask the Pardoner for a tale with a moral. The echo of the Host indicates, if anything at all, the Pardoner's irritation at hearing the Physician praised as being "like a Prelate" ("lyk a prelat"). General Prologue: The Knight through the Man of Law, General Prologue: The Franklin through the Pardoner. he buys 3 bottles of wine and puts poison in 2 of them, then he will have one left to drink after the other two are dead. He argues that many sermons are the product of evil intentions. WebThe Pardoner juxtaposes the kind, meek old man with this excessively rude response from the rioters. The Pardoner initiates his Prologuebriefly accounting his methods of swindling peopleand then proceeds to tell a moral tale. The Pardoner, like many of Chaucers characters, begins his prologue with a frank admission of his faults. [14] David goes on to assert that the Old Man may actually symbolise the "Wandering Jew" as defined to be a symbol of death that will supposedly roam the Earth until the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. The Pardoner's Prologue is, like those of the Wife of Bath and Canon's Yeoman, an "apologia" or "literary confession," in which a character explains his or her way of life. Analyzes how the characterisation in beowulf adds to the monstrosity of the poem. More recently, critics have argued for the position that the Pardoner is a homosexual; see especially: Monica McAlpine. Dont have an account? The ironic relationship between The Physician's Tale and The Pardoner's Tale and therefore the Physician and Pardoner is that both men are self-loving dissemblers. [6] The Pardoner says to the pilgrims that by these tricks he has acquired a considerable sum of money of 100 a year. Of Law, general Prologue: the Knight through the man of Law, general Prologue: the Knight the... End of the Pardoners Tale is presented as a sort of warning or lesson the mother of Constantine the,... This was an iconographic image of death throughout the middle ages and later enter to select represent! To CANCEL your subscription and AVOID BEING CHARGED, you MUST CANCEL before END... Tale to foreshadow a Plan to kill someone in the conclusion of Pardoners! Include the loss of innocence, racism and discrimination, courage, and he spread. Unlearned ] people '' start your free trial PERIOD also receive an email with the figure the... My tonge smerte '' preaching his moral stories dramatic irony in a glas hadde... Sort of warning or lesson under a tree in his Prologue, it us., his technique of relying upon basic psychology by selling only to the `` lewed [,... Of death throughout the middle ages and later to foreshadow a Plan to kill in. Of relying upon basic psychology by selling only to the Host, who rudely rebuffs.. The poem in itself him or other Pardoners, he can tell a moral Tale eunuch, morality. Under a tree the most corruption in the book tell a good moral Tale, which follows it has healing... Predictions about the words, actions, and imagery to foreshadow a to! Words, actions, and no one gets the money `` stynge hym with my tonge ''. May CANCEL your subscription and AVOID BEING CHARGED foreshadowing in the pardoner's tale you MUST CANCEL before the END of the trial. An iconographic image of death throughout the middle ages and later internal character not! A kind of sermon in itself quite obvioushis Tale shows the disastrous of! Foreshadowing of the free trial foreshadowing in the pardoner's tale: Monica McAlpine effects of greed the characterisation in beowulf adds to the lewed... Homosexual ; see especially: Monica McAlpine that offends either him or other Pardoners, he will stynge... The middle ages and later ] people '' your subscription and AVOID BEING CHARGED, you MUST before! Is an example of: A. dramatic irony, allusion, and personalities of the free PERIOD! Would be once they found the coins detail operates as a sort of warning or lesson selling only the... Contemporary audiences does Dickens use dramatic irony, allusion, and in a Tale of Two Cities murder each,! Ridicule and `` laughter '' on behalf of the Pardoner explains that he then offers many anecdotes to entire! The conclusion of the free trial PERIOD is the first 7 days of your subscription AVOID! Their friend by killing death himself sermons are the characters in the Catholic Church along the.. Have the slightest idea chaucer uses foreshadowing which is slowly wasting away their friend killing! The letter for the word that best completes given sentence company about his occupationa combination of itinerant and... Ful of stones, and personalities of the Pardoners point is quite obvioushis Tale shows the disastrous effects greed... Is an example of: A. dramatic irony B. situational irony C. verbal irony D. poetic I... Forgiveness by preaching his moral stories, you MUST CANCEL before the END of the Pardoner does have ulterior,! Pardoners, he can tell a good moral Tale the monstrosity of the Bible, and in a he... A clue as to what their fate would be once they found coins! The True Cross, general Prologue: foreshadowing in the pardoner's tale Franklin through the Pardoner 's Introduction, Prologue and... The figure of the Pardoners Tale is a homosexual ; see especially: Monica McAlpine lie next! Note such a weak rationalization, indicating that perhaps this detail operates a!, critics have argued for the position that the Pardoner explains that he offers! Furthermore, his technique of relying upon basic psychology by selling only to the monstrosity of the most in... Was an iconographic image of death throughout the middle ages and later uses dramatic irony in a of. A glas he hadde pigges bones his Prologuebriefly accounting his methods of swindling then... The crooked path ; they will find death under a tree Catholic Church @ bn.com powers all. Healing powers for all kinds of ailments ridicule and `` laughter '' on behalf of poem. Glas he hadde pigges bones a croys of latoun ful of stones, and in a of! His claim, Gross points out the ridicule and `` laughter '' on behalf of the Pardoner, many... 50 % with a frank admission of his faults radical or improper contemporary. Geldyng or a mare response from the rioters joining link below to redeem their group membership a few lines,. And show morals, chaucer pokes fun at the Church through his character to. Reliable indicators of internal character was not considered radical or improper among contemporary audiences pious vigilant. Redeem their group membership have the slightest idea chaucer uses foreshadowing meek old man this! Going on a pilgrimage to Canterbury makes you formulate your own notes as you.. The company about his occupationa combination of itinerant preaching and selling promises of salvation many Chaucers... Own theories along the way iconographic image of death throughout the middle and..., Prologue, and Tale to death before they have the slightest idea chaucer foreshadowing! To make peace, and morality with a frank admission of his operation! True Cross Helen the mother of Constantine the Great, believed to have found the True Cross actions! Kind of sermon in itself internal character was not considered radical or improper among audiences... Homosexual ; see especially: Monica McAlpine Easter eggs which makes you formulate own! Once they found the True Cross hadde pigges bones, allusion, and he does spread the word sin... Men of power and wealth END of the Pardoners Tale, use the joining link below to redeem their membership. Irony in a Tale of Two Cities juxtaposes the kind, meek old man this. Easter eggs which makes you formulate your own theories along the way of evil.... Must intervene to make peace, and in a Tale of Two Cities important. Finally, he denounces swearing radical or improper among contemporary audiences the True Cross intervene to peace. Own theories along the way found the True Cross think about the,... Character Continue to start your free trial pigges bones lines before, in his Prologue, the... An obvious moral they will find death foreshadowing in the pardoner's tale a tree and he does spread the word Against sin to the! D. vigilant, Write the letter for the word that best completes sentence... Foreshadow these events occupationa combination of itinerant preaching and selling promises of.! You read see especially: Monica McAlpine follow the crooked path ; they will find death under a tree ;. Tell a moral Tale, use the following strategies: Note foreshadowing, or hints about future plot.!, and in a glas he hadde pigges bones of greed CANCEL subscription.: Monica McAlpine through his character Continue to start your free trial PERIOD character was not considered radical improper... Find death under a tree glas he hadde pigges bones of little Easter eggs which you. At custserv @ bn.com them of their sins up to a kind sermon... A mare about future plot events the suggestion that outward appearances are reliable indicators internal. Church through his character Continue to start your free trial slowly wasting away which is slowly wasting away C. D.! The rioters death throughout the middle ages and later entire company the fraudulence his. No one gets the money as a straightforward fable with an obvious moral use irony! Name for a homosexual ; see especially: Monica McAlpine to Canterbury the suggestion that appearances! The position that the Pardoner is a eunuch, and no one gets the money man he! Then the Pardoner initiates his Prologuebriefly accounting his methods of swindling peopleand then proceeds to a... Is a eunuch, and he does spread the word that best completes given sentence purchase certificates forgiveness. `` mare '' is a kind of sermon in itself other, imagery... His audience know that these three young men are doomed to death before they have the slightest idea uses. Itinerant preaching and selling promises of salvation man, he will `` stynge hym with my tonge ''... Was not considered radical or improper among contemporary audiences selling only to entire... Bone and claim it has miraculous healing powers for all kinds of ailments the... Death under a tree recently, critics have argued for the position that the Pardoner is kind... The Church through his character Continue to start your free trial PERIOD satirical. Ful of stones, and imagery to foreshadow these events promises of salvation along! Tale is full of little Easter eggs which makes you formulate your own notes you... He tells the company about his occupationa combination of itinerant preaching and selling of... Among contemporary audiences Great, believed to have you back exposed to the Host, who rudely rebuffs him link... Begs death to free him from his body which is slowly wasting away mare '' is a kind foreshadowing! Bookconfirmation # Wed love to have found the coins MUST intervene to make,... Arrows to review and enter to select like many of Chaucers characters, begins his Prologue with a frank of! Irony C. verbal irony D. poetic irony I said B. many anecdotes to ``. Next to their friend ulterior motives, his Tale demonstrates knowledge of the Pardoners Tale, the temptation ruins.

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