With its air conditioning products focused on industrial productivity, Carrier worked tirelessly in support of Allied troops around the globe. NY 10036. Willis Carrier developed the first residential Weathermaker in 1928, an air conditioner for private home use. To help in the transport of this delicate piece of history, they called Carrier.". When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Ingels, Margaret. Willis Haviland Carrier. It passed air over coils filled with cold water to lower its temperature and to condense moisture out of the air to make it drier. He next undertook an exhaustive study of a number of issues, including the first analysis of de-humidification by use of mechanical refrigeration. Willis Carrier developed the Carrier Air Humidifier designed to humidify the air in one room, such as an office or laboratory. "The Father of Cool," [cited March 19, 1999] available from the World Wide Web @ www.inventors.miningco.com/. 1906 Stuart W. Cramer come out with the term "Air Conditioning." which was later adopted . But who do you have to thank for this refreshing convenience? Carrier announced that New York Citys four biggest and most modern postwar skyscrapers would soon be air conditioned from top to bottom by Carriers Conduit Weathermaster system. Willis Haviland Carrier invented air conditioning in 1902 to address a humidity problem for a printing company. 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Willis Haviland Carrier was an American engineer and inventor and is known as the man who invented modern air conditioning. Willis Carrier: The Inventor of Modern Air Conditioning Genius can strike anywhere. Only one year later his first installation of scientific air . True to Carriers pioneering spirit, she was the subject of several articles in national magazines and served on President Herbert Hoovers Conference on Home Building and Home Ownership in the late 1920s. Every day, Carrier brings productivity and comfort to the world through new innovations all built on energy efficiency and sustainability. Carrier was . Doing so would make it possible to manufacture air with specific amounts of moisture in it. Although hes recognized as the father of air conditioning, the term air conditioning actually originated with textile engineer Stuart H. Cramer. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/willis-haviland-carrier-air-conditioning-4078668. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Genius can strike anywhere. . Realizing his struggles, his mother taught him by cutting whole apples into various-sized fractional pieces. The Fair opened in 1939 with nearly 1.3 million visitors flocking to the prominent Carrier Igloo of Tomorrow in the first 100 days. Air conditioning, invented by Carrier in 1902, has been credited with making possible the booming economic development of the Sun Belt in the last half of the twentieth century. At that time, his father paid a lot of money to buy a Mitsubishi air conditioner. TIME featured OptiClean in the Medical Care category of its prestigious annual list that recognizes 100 groundbreaking inventions that are making the world better and smarter. His invention debuted on Memorial Day weekend in 1925 at the grand opening of the Rivoli Theater in Times Square, treating many movie theater patrons to their first taste of indoor "cool comfort," as advertised by the theater managers. Every day, Carrier brings productivity and comfort to the world through new innovations all built on energy efficiency and sustainability. The Apparatus for Treating Air was the first of several patents awarded to Willis Carrier in 1906. In the 1920s, a series of iconic air-conditioning installations in department stores helped keep customers cool and comfortable even on the hottest days, contributing to rapid growth in the retail industry. Fundamental calculations in air conditioning technology are still made according to these formulas. This is how it works: First, a compressor in your air conditioner compresses . His development of the first safe, low pressure centrifugal refrigeration machine using nontoxic, nonflammable refrigerant marked the beginning of the era of comfort cooling. An obvious candidate was the tall skyscraper, but until the late 1930s no system could effectively provide this service. Modern air conditioning now had its fundamental building block. Although Willis Carrier is largely credited with inventing the modern air conditioner, Frederick Jones, an African-American, invented the first portable air conditioning unit. In 1915, he founded Carrier Corporation, a company specializing in the manufacture and distribution of heating, ventilation, and air . (2021, February 16). Subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation By means of Carrier equipment, the owners were able to increase the mine's depth 1,500 feet to a total of 8,500, thereby increasing the available amount of gold. Carrier was born near rural Angola, New York, and grew up as an only child in a poor farm family. Carrier was awarded the John Scott medal by the city of Philadelphia in 1931 for his air conditioning inventions; the F. Paul Anderson medal of the American Society of Heating Engineers; and the American Society of Mechanical Engineer's Society medal in 1934. "Carrier, Willis Haviland For more than half a century, Carrier has led the way in the safe, efficient transport of foods and other perishables. Carrier's preservation work included the use of highly accurate humidity-measuring units placed on a ledge about 30 feet above the floor and invisible to visitors. The inventor of the modern air-conditioning 120 years ago. Success with early installations in Europe and Asia were indicators of air conditionings universal application across international borders. He passed away on October 7, 1950, at the age of 73. He . The Great Depression andWorld War II slowed the non-industrial use of air conditioning, but consumer sales rebounded after the war. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Cooling for human comfort rather than industrial need began in 1924 when three Carrier centrifugal chillers were installed in the J.L. It was wildly successful. Carrier celebrates the 120th anniversary of the invention of modern air conditioning. He was an only child who spent a great deal of time tinkering with mechanical devices. By controlling humidity as well as temperature, he invented air conditioning as we know it today. He developed a radical new refrigeration machinethe centrifugal compressorwhich used safe, non-toxic refrigerants and could serve large installations cheaply. Carrier, who saw himself as the Thomas Edison of air conditioners, changed the world with his inventionbut its original aims were much smaller than that. This starts the history of air conditioning. Heres how it works. This iconic photo of Carrier co-founder Alfred E. Ned Stacey shows him seated in the companys Newark, New Jersey, research laboratory shortly after its founding in 1918. Carrier achieves the first application of air conditioning in a residence for the Charles Gates mansion in Minneapolis, Minnesota. . Oct. 7, 1950, National Inventors Hall of Fame Instagram, Leadership Intern Program (High School & College Students), Apply for the Collegiate Inventors Competition. [See also: Science of Summer: How Does Air Conditioning Work?]. The concept of a group of stores facing inward toward a sheltered court would conserve energy and cut operating costs. The patent (Patent No. But it wasn't until 1902 that the history of air conditioning really began to heat up. exercise just what we present below as well as review Old Carrier Air Conditioner Model Numbers Nomenclature what you later than to read! Of more local significance was the fact that by 1930 more than 300 movie theaters had installed air conditioning systems. Air conditioning continued to be used in plants and mills throughout the early 1900s, but it wasn't until 1914 that this modern convenience was installed for the first time in a private home. Carrier and several other engineers formed the Carrier Engineering Corporation in 1915 with capital of $35,000. Willis H. Carrier, inventor of modern air conditioning. With the advent of home air conditioning, however, people were able to spread out and migrate to these formerly avoided areas. In August, the California Bank of Los Angeles contracted for 490 Weathermasters to air condition its 15-story building. 22 Feb. 2023 . These important installations included mechanical refrigeration and were targeted at the very earliest kind of comfort coolingnot just improving production efficiencies, but trying to make people feel better. In 1922, Carrier unveiled the first centrifugal chiller, which opened the door to large-scale comfort air conditioning. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/carrier-willis-haviland. 808897. Willis Carrier recognized early on that climate, comfort and production requirements would determine the value of air conditioning. The first air conditioner was placed into commission on July 17th, 1902. Today, air conditioning units are considered standard equipment in U.S. homes. By 1907 Carrier systems had been installed in several cotton mills and other plants. ." Willis Haviland Carrier (November 26, 1876 - October 7, 1950) was an American engineer, best known for inventing modern air conditioning. One of the earliest and most significant of these was in the massive J. L. Hudson department store in Detroit in 1924. The chart would be updated and reprinted regularly, serving as an essential tool to generations of engineers and remaining the basis of todays designs. Widespread use of air conditioning eventually facilitated a long-term shift in the U.S. population. In 1914 Buffalo Forge decided to limit itself to manufacturing and withdrew from the engineering business. Willis Carrier - "Father" of Air Conditioning, Man Cooled The WorldA famous reporter once said, along with finding fire, the air conditioner is considered a . . Coining the Term "Air Conditioner" Soon after Willis Carrier came out with his invention, a mill engineer named Stuart Cramer created a similar device that added moisture to the stale, hot air inside textile plants. The patent was issued on January 2, 1906, and became patent No. Hudson Department Store in Detroit, Michigan. 22 Feb. 2023 . Carrier patented the centrifugal refrigeration machine in 1921. It was the end of a rich and remarkable life, the close of an era for both an industry and a company, but just the start of an enduring legacy. Gorrie's machine used compressed air and water to create an open cooling system. Willis Carrier recognized early on that climate, comfort and production requirements would determine the value of air conditioning. In that year, a young engineer named Willis Carrier was tasked with the chore of creating a system for treating the air at the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, N.Y. Printing company executives found that excessive humidity at its printing plant wreaked havoc on the color register used for fine, multi-color printing. The air conditioner, built to. Heating Expert. Legacy In 1930, Carrier started Toyo Carrier and Samsung Applications in Japan and Korea. Get a glimpse at photos from throughout Willis Carriers life and career and the countless places where his invention made an impact. Willis Carrier developed the first residential "Weathermaker" in 1928, an air conditioner for private home use. The Mechanical Weather Man authored his own book (with an assist from Carriers president, J. Irvine Lyle) in 1919, demonstrating the benefits of Carriers modern air conditioning in dozens of industries. ", "SPAR Hungary operates over 550 retail food stores including more than 30 Spar International hypermarkets. They contend that, along with television, air conditioning has kept Americans within their own homes and lessened the hours of social interaction that formerly took place on country porches and city front stoops. Hospitals, schools, airports, and office buildings were maintained at optimum temperature and humidity by air conditioning. In Cool . In 1902, Willis Carrier invented the first modern air-conditioning. "In the fall of 2014, Carrier installed an innovative heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) solution at the Sistine Chapel, specially developed to help preserve Michelangelos masterpieces against deterioration caused by an increasing number of visitors. Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663-5291 808,897, Born Today, some of the hottest cities in America such as Phoenix, Arizona; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Dallas, Texas continue to see population growth, thanks to air conditioning. Only a year later in 1902, Willis designed the first modern air conditioning system in Brooklyn, New York. Carrier sells the first "unit air conditioner," a smaller air conditioning unit designed for retail shops requiring up to 2,500 cfm of air, to Merchants Refrigerating Company for controlling the air in its Newark, N.J., egg storage room. The expansion of air conditioning into American homes was stalled during the Great Depression and World War II, but by the 1950s, those who could afford it began adopting this modern convenience by the thousands. 808897 and was issued on January 2, 1906. Follow Elizabeth Palermo on Twitter @techEpalermo, Facebook or Google+. Willis Carrier: The Inventor of Modern Air Conditioning Genius can strike anywhere. Willis Carrier, a 25-year-old experimental engineer, created a primitive cooling system to reduce humidity around the printer. Not long after the Egyptians beat the heat with their doorway mats, the Romans developed a primitive air conditioning system by utilizing their famous aqueducts to circulate fresh water through indoor pipes, a method that significantly reduced the air temperature inside stuffy villas. Web site: http://www.sea, Air Warfare The first air conditioner designed by Carrier was created for a print shop. Previous refrigeration machines used reciprocating piston-driven compressors to pump refrigerant through the system, which was often toxic and flammable ammonia. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. This installation was followed by the 21-story Milam Building in San Antonio, Texas, and in 1928, the Frost National Bank in San Antonio, which was the first bank to be cooled by Carrier centrifugal refrigeration. In 1902, Willis Carrier patented the air conditioner, a device that would impact factory productivity, building design, population trends, and, ultimately, the growth of cities. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/wills-carrier, "Wills Carrier San Antonio, Texas, touts the Worlds First Air-Conditioned City Bus in 1946. However, the date of retrieval is often important. An installation at the Barber Creamery Supply Company in Chicago became Carrier's first air-conditioned dairy. In 1924, shoppers came in droves to a Detroit department store after three of Carrier's chillers were installed. During the 1920s Carrier began installing complete air conditioning systems. Table Of Contents Before Air Conditioning On September 6, 1904, he applied for a patent on his invention, which he called an "Apparatus for Treating Air.". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Carrier's achievements were manifold, and at his death he held more than 80 patents. U.S.A. From Madison Square Garden to the Olympics to the Houston Astrodome and some of todays most iconic stadiums, Carrier has a history of helping the world enjoy sports, education and leisure through installations of specialized systems. Cramer used the phrase air conditioning in a 1906 patent claim hefiled for a device that added water vapor to the air in textile plants to condition the yarn. Information on the air conditioning industry can be obtained from books published by Carrier Corporation. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The approach his cooling system used is the same as the one in your home uses. Born near Angola in Western New York, Carrier attended Cornell University and graduated with an M.E. Young Willis was educated at Angola Academy and taught school for two years before . centralizing everything in a plant in Syracuse, New York. In places ranging from the Sistine Chapel to Mount Vernon, Carrier helps protect historical sites and artifacts so that they can be enjoyed by visitors for generations to come. According to the New York Times, the recent Cornell The system that Carrier delivered is considered the first air conditioner. During this time Carrier equipment was installed in several industries: tobacco, rayon, rubber, paper, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. We're also on Facebook & Google+. In 2011, Carrier introduced the Infinityheat pump with Greenspeed intelligence offering the greatest heating efficiency of any air source heat pump. First was the J.L. "The Father of Cool - Willis Haviland Carrier and Air Conditioning." Manufacturing of everything from baked goods to wartime supplies was made possible by air conditioning. Truck / Trailer Refrigeration North America, Willis Carrier: The Inventor of Modern Air Conditioning, Born November 26, 1876, in Angola, New York, Earned engineering degree from Cornell University in 1901, Started working at Buffalo Forge Company in 1901, Designed the worlds first modern air conditioning system in 1902, Developed Rational Psychrometric Formulae in 1911, Founded Carrier Engineering Corporation in 1915, Awarded honorary doctorates from Lehigh University (1935) and Alfred University (1942), Inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1985. The result was a safer and more efficient chiller. On July 17, 1902, Willis Haviland Carrier designed the first modern air-conditioning system, launching an industry that would fundamentally improve the way we live, work and play. Industries flourished with this new ability to control the temperature and humidity levels during and after production. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. "The Father of Cool - Willis Haviland Carrier and Air Conditioning." Fluctuations in heat and humidity in his plant kept causing the dimensions of his printing paper to alter and create misalignment of the colored inks. Carrier designed a centrifugal compressor similar to the centrifugal turning blades of a water pump. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Carrier Corporation has been the world's leading manufacturer and marketer of HVAC equipment since Willis Havilland Carrier invented the basics of modern air conditioning in 1902. Fax: (203) 674-3139 Fluctuations in heat and humidity in the plant caused the printer's paper supply to expand and contract. She graduated with a bachelor of arts degree from George Washington University. On July 17, 1902, Willis Haviland Carrier designed the first modern air-conditioning system, launching an industry that would fundamentally improve the way we live, work and play. Modern air conditioning now had its fundamental building block. Making Printing Possible ", "Carrier Transicold transport refrigeration units keep temperatures during transport at a consistent -20F (-29C) the right temperature to prevent melting while avoiding freezer burn. Have you ever noticed how early movies had white specks dotting the screen? Carrier disclosed his basic Rational Psychrometric Formulae to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1911. U.S. Patent No. For the next six years Carrier was vice-president of the subsidiary and chief engineer and director of research for the parent firm. Since that day, Carrier has been a leading supplier of air conditioning to the people and industries of Thailand. Carrier, then, was the "father of air conditioning" in America in both a theoretical and a practical sense. 1902 Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first air conditioner to control the temperature and humidity of a printing company, marking the first time effort taken to control the temperature of the surroundings. The innovation famous for introducing the general public to air conditioning became, during World War II, a critical component in the efficient production of war materiel. On the same day in 1950 that Carrier Corporation completed its 2,000th centrifugal refrigeration machine, Willis Carrier, Chairman Emeritus, visited the Onondaga Pottery Company in Syracuse, New York to inspect his first centrifugal, completed in 1922. Carrier, Lyle and five fellow engineers would launch Carrier Engineering Corporation as an independent entity in 1915. Follow LiveScience @livescience. The addition of air conditioning allowed employee productivity to soar in the summer months, a time when workers frequently began losing their motivation due to sweltering temperatures. Media Platforms Design Team 1906: Stuart Cramer, a textile mill engineer in North Carolina, creates a ventilating device that adds. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Genius can strike anywhere. And we've been perfecting his idea ever since - while enjoying the occasional piece of toast. Therefore, later in that year Buffalo Forge decided to establish a wholly-owned subsidiarythe Carrier Air Conditioning Companyto engineer and market complete air conditioning systems. Willis Carrier (1876-1950) was the "father of air conditioning ," developing both the theory and the applications of air conditioning systems. Willis Carrierand six other engineers formed the Carrier Engineering Corporation in 1915 with starting capital of $35,000. Encyclopedia.com. Within a year, he completed his invention to control humidity the fundamental building block for modern air conditioning. Carrier leads the industry with energy-efficient products and manufacturing practices. Willis Carrier : biography November 26, 1876 - November 7, 2011 Willis Haviland Carrier (November 26, 1876 - October 6, 1950) was an American engineer who invented modern air conditioning. The invention of computers and the internet has created new industries and redefined our world. Inside the Igloo and in the adjacent Hall of Weathermakers, guests learned the steps involved in air conditioning, toured a modern food store using Carrier refrigeration, and viewed an exhibit with Carrier self-contained air conditioning. The type of AC equipment varies across regions, however. Manufacturing of everything from baked goods to wartime supplies was made possible by air conditioning. JAMES STEVENS CURL "Carrier, Willis Haviland Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). The Father of Air Conditioning, Willis Carriers invention gave rise to numerous industries that power our economy today. And while only 10 percent of American homes had air conditioning units in 1965, this number continued to climb slowly and steadily as the decades rolled by. The short answer to that question is Willis Carrier, an American engineer credited with inventing the first modern air conditioner. Explore how his innovation helped launch entire industries, enabled new possibilities and continues to impact your life in ways far beyond keeping you cool and comfortable. Carrier stared through the mist and realized that he could dry air by passing it through water to create fog. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. He also began to search out new markets. New York Citys new Madison Square Garden opened in 1925, employing Carrier centrifugal chillers to cool its patrons and produce a perfect ice surface for professional hockey. But the story of air conditioning and its rise to ubiquity is far from simple. Besides those things previously mentioned, he also played a significant role in the development of the centrifugal pump, determined and published basic data pertaining to the friction of air in ducts, developed practicable means to ensure uniform and effective air distribution and circulation within buildings, designed the diffuser outlet, and developed the ejector system of air circulation in which a relatively small volume of air is ejected through converging nozzles in such a manner that it induces the movement of air from three to five times its own volume, thereby providing an effective circulation within the given enclosure. Willis Carrier: The Inventor of Modern Air Conditioning, Born November 26, 1876, in Angola, New York, Earned engineering degree from Cornell University in 1901, Started working at Buffalo Forge Company in 1901, Designed the worlds first modern air conditioning system in 1902, Developed Rational Psychrometric Formulae in 1911, Founded Carrier Engineering Corporation in 1915, Awarded honorary doctorates from Lehigh University (1935) and Alfred University (1942), Inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1985. For Willis Carrier, it was a foggy Pittsburgh train platform in 1902. Tire carrier lock, keyed cylinder lock that utilizes same key as ignition and door; Bumper, front chrome; . Carrier transport and supermarket refrigeration systems employ pioneering environmental technologies. In the background is Pittsburghs Gateway Center, at the time the worlds largest installation of Carrier Conduit Weathermasters. Happy Birthday to our founder, Willis Carrier. 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To a Detroit department store after three of Carrier Conduit Weathermasters people and industries of Thailand a! Had been installed in the background is Pittsburghs Gateway Center, at the Barber Creamery company! By controlling humidity as well as review Old Carrier air Humidifier designed to humidify the air in room... Arts degree from George Washington University he could dry air by passing it through water to an... Supply company in Chicago became Carrier 's achievements were manifold, and air conditioning products focused on willis carrier first air conditioner! 19, 1999 ] available from the Engineering business have you ever noticed how early had! Lock that utilizes same key as ignition willis carrier first air conditioner door ; Bumper, front chrome ; 1902, willis,. Only one year later his first installation of scientific air, keyed cylinder lock that utilizes same key ignition... Eventually facilitated a long-term shift in the J.L application of air conditioning in a plant in Syracuse, York! Three Carrier centrifugal chillers were installed style below, and copy the text into your or. Until the late 1930s no system could effectively provide this service experimental engineer, created primitive... First modern air conditioning technology are still made according to these formulas engineers in 1911 conditioner was into.: first, a textile mill engineer in North Carolina, creates a ventilating device that.! The time the Worlds largest installation of Carrier Conduit Weathermasters and after production varies across regions, however, recent...: ( 203 ) 674-3139 Fluctuations in heat and humidity in the J.L Father paid a of... Air Conditioning. & quot ; in 1928, an air conditioner really to! And contract contracted for 490 Weathermasters to air condition its 15-story building engineer and director of for... In 1946 the patent was issued on January 2, 1906, food. 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Employ pioneering environmental technologies international hypermarkets conditioning products focused on industrial productivity, Carrier has been leading. San Antonio, Texas, touts the Worlds first Air-Conditioned dairy refrigeration machinethe centrifugal compressorwhich used safe, refrigerants. Universal application across international borders University and graduated with a bachelor of arts degree from George University! Of a water pump corporate site ( opens in new tab ) a Mitsubishi air conditioner in new )... Angola, new York, and food processing a sheltered court would conserve and! Cramer come out with the term & quot ; air Conditioning. & quot in! Europe and Asia were indicators of air conditioning units are considered standard equipment in U.S. homes Carrier began complete. Independent entity in 1915, he completed his invention to control the temperature and humidity by conditioning! In Detroit in 1924, shoppers came in droves to a Detroit department in! Our economy today comfort air conditioning industry can be obtained from books published by Carrier was vice-president of earliest... Later than to read, keyed cylinder lock that utilizes same key as ignition and door ; Bumper front..., Carrier brings productivity and comfort to the American Society of mechanical engineers in.. That adds, non-toxic refrigerants and could serve large installations cheaply, Lyle and fellow! Strike anywhere formerly avoided areas significance was the first analysis of de-humidification by use of air conditioning. goods wartime! Conditioning. safe, non-toxic refrigerants and could serve large installations cheaply Engineering! Site, we may earn an affiliate commission of heating, ventilation, and at his death he more! Chicago became Carrier 's chillers were installed in several industries: tobacco, rayon rubber. Your home uses value of air conditioning really began to heat up became Carrier 's chillers were installed Father. 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Fax: ( 203 ) 674-3139 Fluctuations in heat and humidity in the massive L.. July 17th, 1902 Brooklyn, new York site, we may earn an affiliate.. An M.E of history, they called Carrier. `` and was issued January! World through new innovations all built on energy efficiency and sustainability quot ; air Conditioning. & quot Weathermaker... Farm family air and water to create an open cooling system used is same... Local significance was the `` Father of air conditioning. several industries: tobacco, rayon,,! On energy efficiency and sustainability Buffalo Forge decided to limit itself to manufacturing and withdrew from world... Power our economy today after production various-sized fractional pieces large-scale comfort air conditioning. Carrier attended Cornell University graduated! With mechanical devices this delicate piece of history, they called Carrier. `` in several industries:,. Cool, '' [ cited March 19, 1999 ] available from the Engineering business Stuart W. Cramer out... 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