He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. He did not share his opinion with the king. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. Thomas came from wealthy families, from trade (his father was a wealthy baker) and the law. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. In some cases, they conspired against the crown while claiming, if it went badly, that their weak female brains had been addled by male influence, and that fragility and brittleness allowed their trust to be easily abused. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. May 28, 2015. Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. . So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. Geoffrey Pole, who had given the government what it needed, was pardoned. Cecilys parents and Richards grandparents were Ralph Neville and, Siblings: 2 who died in infancy and a brother, Edward Plantagenet (February 25, 1475 - November 28, 1499), never married, imprisoned in the Tower of London, impersonated by Lambert Simnel, executed under Henry VII, Husband: Sir Richard Pole (married 1491-1494, perhaps on September 22, 1494; supporter ofHenry VII). Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. It was children who caused him a problem. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. I am no traitor, no, not I! Anne was the anointed queen. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. * Walter Stafford (about 1539-after 1571 . Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. Later that year, Reginald was summoned to Rome, made a cardinal and put in charge of organising a crusade against England economic sanctions first, war if need be. She had a small estate of land, inherited from her husband, but no other income and no prospects. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. Her early years are obscure. On June 26, a special commission was established to hear the case of Thomas More. Read anywhere with the London Review of Books app, available now from the App Store for Apple devices, Google Play for Android devices and Amazon for your Kindle Fire. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. In 1512, Parliament, with Henrys assent, restored to her some of the lands that had been held by Henry VII for her brother while he was imprisoned, and then had been confiscated when he was executed. But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. Mores only communication with Barton had been to warn her against meddling in affairs of state. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. Name: Thomas More. Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. Joan, wife of Roger Swillington. They were charged with treason. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. He had a true gift for friendship and inspired deep loyalty amongst his family and friends. In May 1539 Henry, Margaret, Exeter and others were attainted, as Margaret's father had been. A tradition has grown up that George was drowned in a vat a malmsey, an expensive sweet wine. Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. There wasn't any "relationship" as such. [7] However, her brother's Warwick and Spencer [Despencer] estates remained in the hands of the crown.[8]. Both men were enthusiastic Humanist scholars, but they parted ways with regard to the kings prerogative. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Henry was able to play peacemaker. Was More surprised by this speech? Now he decided to seriously test his religious convictions. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! Biography of Anne Neville, Wife and Queen of Richard III of England, Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's Queen, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, Father: George, Duke of Clarence, brother of king Edward IV and of Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III), Note: Cecily Neville, Margarets paternal grandmother, was a paternal aunt of Margarets maternal grandfather, Richard Neville. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. London, WC1A 2HN Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. Edward was briefly displayed in public at St Paul's Cathedral in 1487 in response to the presentation of the impostor Lambert Simnel as the "Earl of Warwick" to the Irish lords. On this date in 1541, 68-year-old Margaret Pole, countess of Salisbury, was beheaded within the confines of the Tower of London, as befitted her rank. Hilary Mantelwasthe author of nine novels and three collections of short stories in addition to her prize-winning trilogy about Thomas Cromwell. Soon he was acting as Henrys personal secretary and adviser, delivering official speeches, greeting foreign envoys, drafting treaties and other public documents, and composing the kings responses to Wolseys dispatches. Learning you may well have, his brother Montagu wrote to him, but doubtless no prudence nor pity. Reginald had compared himself to a surgeon ready to cut away diseased flesh from the body of England: not the most tactful metaphor, when your anointed king is dragging about with an ulcerated leg. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". The remnants of the Plantagenets had no difficulty in breeding, while the Tudors were less lucky. Credit: PjrWindows / Alamy Stock Photo. [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. Read More. Because the main executioner[17] had been sent north to deal with rebels, the execution was performed by "a wretched and blundering youth who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner". [26] She and her husband were parents to five children: Her son, Reginald Pole, said that he would "never fear to call himself the son of a martyr". Whatever her private feelings at this point, in public she was pragmatic and circumspect. But he could not recognize the kings authority as head of the new church of England. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. The most persistent of the pretenders who plagued Henry was Peter Warbeck (baptised Perkin by the regime to make him sound silly), who claimed to be Richard of York, the younger of the vanished princes. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. Mores wife had been like most women of her time ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? But with him away from court there were outside influences on their relationship that neither brother could see coming. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. Katharine was the kings true wife. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. The king raged. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". letters@lrb.co.uk In fact she was 67. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. He dictated letter after letter. In 1512, an Act of Parliament restored to Margaret the Earldom of Salisbury and some of her brother's land which had belonged to it, for which she paid 5000 marks (2666.13s.4d), equivalent to 2,164,602 in 2021. Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. [4] After her husband's death, Margaret had such inadequate means to support herself and her children that she was forced to live at Syon Abbey as the guest of the Bridgettine nuns. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. Please include name, address and a telephone number. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. Hilary Mantel. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. Margaret Pole was a pretty tough and clinical woman. London Review of Books More importantly, he developed a personal relationship with Henry VIII, and because known as the kings intellectual courtier. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. To my principles!". After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. Quite the opposite. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me! It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. Birth Year: 1478. It was his great popularity that saved him. Stoke was a decisive victory. Elizabeth Darrell, later Thomas Wyatts mistress, refused the oath; Lady Hussey, wife of one of Marys household, was imprisoned because she would not accept Marys exclusion from the succession and insisted on addressing her as a princess. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. Contact was made with Warwick; a plot began, or perhaps was manufactured by agents provocateurs; just at this time, to increase the alarm of Henry Tudor, another Warwick impersonator showed his face in Kent. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Portrait of an unknown woman, often identified as the Countess of Salisbury, DWYER, J. G. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl.". Margaret kept silent on the matter. Yet even as his legal future seemed assured, More was deeply conflicted about his future. Get GCSE Macbeth Coursework, Essay & Homework assistance including assignments fully Marked by Teachers and Peers. This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. In 1536, Pole sent Henry a treatise which not only opposed Henrys grounds for divorce that he had married his brothers wife and thus the marriage was invalid but also opposing Henrys more recent assertion of Royal Supremacy, power in the church in England above that of Rome. And because of his early education in religious matters, Henry was no mere spectator in religious debate. There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. On his accession he granted her an annuity of 100 a year and on 14 Oct 1513 he created her Countess of Salisbury and gave her the family lands of the earldom of Salisbury. The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. It mattered to London shopkeepers, and to great churchmen. He had long felt a calling to the priesthood. She served later as a governess to Mary. According to some stories, which are not accepted by many historians, she refused to lay her head on the block, and guards had to force her to kneel. It was not so much a letter as a small book. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. After she had redeemed her dead brothers lands from the crown, she owned property in Calais, and estates in Wales and 17 English counties. In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. 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